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	<title>net critique by Geert Lovink</title>
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	<link>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert</link>
	<description>Geert Lovink's blog on the cultural politics of the Internet, media theory and art</description>
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		<title>Let&#8217;s End Anonymous Peer Review</title>
		<link>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/03/01/lets-end-anonymous-peer-review/</link>
		<comments>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/03/01/lets-end-anonymous-peer-review/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Mar 2010 08:16:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>geert</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/?p=411</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I have mentioned this here and there. Now I will make a blog entry about it: it&#8217;s time to make a public appeal against (anonymous) peer review practice of academic journal articles, PhD proposals, funding applications and so on. I get these requests every now and then and will now make my response public.
If you [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have mentioned this here and there. Now I will make a blog entry about it: it&#8217;s time to make a public appeal against (anonymous) peer review practice of academic journal articles, PhD proposals, funding applications and so on. I get these requests every now and then and will now make my response public.</p>
<p>If you like you can copy-paste it, alter the letter, put it in a wiki somewhere so that others do not have to explain it time and again. In this way the counter arguments against can also grow and become stronger.</p>
<p>I am still in doubt if I should make the email public of the journal that wrote the request. In a way it doesn&#8217;t matter because this case is about a principle. Let&#8217;s free the world of sleazy backroom politics that no longer fit in the age of collaborative open networks.</p>
<p>We have to also undermine the very principle of ranking. What we need is more public debate, dissent and controversy. People who dare to say no, in public. We might need a support system for those who are fed up with the worn-out rituals. I have noticed that there is some civil courage necessary to make such steps.</p>
<p>I am not arguing here for more transparency. I think there are better, more decent ways to raise quality. For me there is a direct relationship between the dreadfully boring content of most academic journals (that no one reads anyway) and the secretive and nasty so-called &#8216;peer review&#8217; process.</p>
<p>This is my reply:</p>
<p>Dear %JOURNAL_EDITOR%,</p>
<p>I am sorry but I do not participate in this dead ritual of anonymous &#8216;peer review&#8217;. This dishonest procedure brings out the worst in people. By now we all know that it does not improve quality but merely (re)produces mediocre standards and language. IMHO this format is out of sync with the open access aspects of today&#8217;s publishing tools and the debate-focused tools such as blogs, lists and forums, in particular when an article like this aims to contribute to the emerging research on online video. Criticism in the Internet context is a lively entity, not to be dealt with in such a grumpy backroom manner.</p>
<p>Yours,</p>
<p>Geert Lovink</p>
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		<title>Exodus Strategies in the Networked Desert</title>
		<link>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/02/26/exodus-strategies-in-the-networked-desert/</link>
		<comments>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/02/26/exodus-strategies-in-the-networked-desert/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 05:44:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>geert</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/?p=406</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Email interview with Geert Lovink by Daphne Dragona &#38; Ilias Marmaras (Athens), February 26, 2010.
Conducted for Konteiner, a Greek monthly independent magazine on politics, culture and arts, which is distributed independently and also comes as a supplement of Eleftherotypia, a major and well-known Greek newspaper.
DD &#38; IM: Twenty years of networked culture: Networked in the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Email interview with Geert Lovink by Daphne Dragona &amp; Ilias Marmaras (Athens), February 26, 2010.</p>
<p>Conducted for Konteiner, a Greek monthly independent magazine on politics, culture and arts, which is distributed independently and also comes as a supplement of Eleftherotypia, a major and well-known Greek newspaper.</p>
<p>DD &amp; IM: Twenty years of networked culture: Networked in the digital sense as you have specified since interhuman dynamics started to link and develop within software systems and we learned to live and share within digital environments.  You have been one of the people that followed this development from the beginning as a researcher, writer and a professor. How do you feel that networks and their users have changed throughout this period?</p>
<p>GL: Networks between people may have existed throughout history but today&#8217;s networks are technological. Digital global communications have accelerated, extended and intensified the presence of networks in everyday life. We carry them on our skins. There is a politics of speed here, in the spirit of Paul Virilio: real-time media have all but destroyed our sense of time and space. We all too easy familiarize ourselves with the new condition. What&#8217;s more difficult is how manage the intimate aspects. The performative aspect is really seductive. We are trapped in the perfect Foucauldian treadmill in the sense of Power producing babbling subjects. The transparency of it all is hard to understand—even for insiders. There is no privacy in these networked environments, and this makes us vulnerable to corporate interests and state control. What strikes me over the years is how fast we adapt, and how slow we comprehend. The graphic interface layers have become user friendly, yet makes it even more difficult to understand the underlying network architectures.</p>
<p>DD &amp; IM: Has the networked society made us more socially and politically aware, especially speaking about the younger generation of users? Or would you say that there is a need for a critical internet discourse more than ever now?</p>
<p>GL: A critical awareness would not just imply that we refrain using the internet. It could also mean that we develop a taste and an ethics. Maybe these Web 2.0 platforms such as Facebook and Twitter do not bring us anything, but there are so many other platforms and applications to explore. What has to stop is the marketing hype. We should be able to distinguish between services that are useful and useless. Are we signing up just because others did it as well? The longer the internet is around the better we should decide what to use it for. Non-participation in certain cases doesn&#8217;t mean we&#8217;re left out, or a Luddite.</p>
<p>DD &amp; IM: To what extend does the “network society” affect reality? Do networks really break hierarchies? Can they change institutions for example? Can society’s rigid forms change and become more rhizomatic in the networked years to come?</p>
<p>GL: In our daily lives we can no longer distinguish between real and virtual. In that sense everything has become bloody real. In terms of institutions and society it&#8217;s another issue. They are remarkably resilient. This is the gap so many of us experience: our lives are on the run, but society is not keeping the pace. This contradiction will only become more apparent. We can clearly see it in the rapidly declining legitimacy of television, radio and printed news media. We not only consume less &#8216;old&#8217; media, we also no longer believe in their authority. Our tools are real-time but journalism has a hard time dealing with this new condition. In that sense we do not yet live in a network society. Cyberprophets and most scientists have a hard time dealing with these conflicts and uneven developments. They do not like to admit new media not only take apart but also create new forms of power.</p>
<p>DD &amp; IM: How about bloggers? Would you see blogging playing an important role in the future? You know in Greece after blogging reached its peak, phenomena of control and centralization from the political parties and the mainstream media appeared. However, in other parts of the world e.g. Iran, Egypt, blogging seems to be very essential for the information circulation and social/political organization. What role does locality play for the future of blogs?</p>
<p>GL: Blogs are the contemporary publishing platform for the Web. It standardizes the do-it-yourself media experience. Blogging is not a belief system, and does not by definition create &#8216;news&#8217;. What it does well is embedding stories within a wider context of the Web through linking and tagging. In a study Anne Helmond showed how blogging has been increasingly integrated in search engines. Blogs are good for a particular type of writing: short entries with a personal style, linking and commenting on information elsewhere on the Web. Blogs are the default standard, also in Iran and Egypt. There is nothing special about it, except that it is easy to use. In terms of local culture one could say that is popular in some, and despised in other countries. Germans are wary of blogging. They love the collective experience of the forum software. The French love it and embrace the dramatic personal style. As a fashion blogs are on the way out, but web publishing for individuals will not disappear that fast.</p>
<p>DD &amp; IM: In your texts you refer to Negri&#8217;s and Hardt&#8217;s notion of networks. For them networks derive from both a <em>democratic </em>and an <em>oligopolistic </em>mechanism. But how are users to understand where one mechanism ends and another begins when both elements appear within the same structure?</p>
<p>GL: We are very good at navigating paradoxes and contradictions. Networks are both inward looking and bridges to other worlds. Through the &#8216;weak ties&#8217; we reach out to other social contexts while being sucked into all too human dramas of the tribes we subscribed to. The issue with technical networks is that we can remarkably quickly sign off and disappear. This is not all that easy in our traditional social lives. Whether networks are democratic, I doubt… Maybe autonomous activist groups are the exception here. They love to argue until, hours later, the survivors in the debate reach a consensus. The network maps might look decentralized and complex but the power distribution is a tragedy. Active participation is often very low (around 1%), with a hand full of people in charge. In that sense the democratization has yet to start. This is not at all depressing. It&#8217;s not the fault of human nature. It rather tells us something how early we are in the process of becoming a network society.</p>
<p>DD &amp; IM: According to Hobbes the absolute sovereignty and control can be gained only through fear, fear that can assure social order. Mechanisms of control are still accomplished mostly through fear today. What is the fear of today&#8217;s multitude? It is the fear of disconnecting, not participating, being excluded from the networks, from the others, the “pseudo-others” are you say? How can third parties exploit such an element?</p>
<p>GL: Let&#8217;s first of all get it straight with the tendency of &#8217;slow communication&#8217;, &#8216;defriending&#8217; and going offline. These are all respectable strategies for the few that can afford non-participation. More and more depend on (mobile) networks to stay in touch with family and clients. This is vital for the urbanized migrants to survive. Whether or not multitudes really exist or not, remains to be seen. I read it more like a proposal. It a social sculpture, the perfect concept. Multitudes exist during the Event, and only for very brief moments in time, very different from the Party or even social movements. The big debate here is how social movements these days come into being. It&#8217;s not that hard to stage a one-day strike, design a tactical media intervention or occupy a building. What we&#8217;ve seen to lost is the ability to more create sustainable structures that cut across scenes, classes and ethnicities. The crucial missing element here is Time. Disruption is not enough. Some try to bring people together through social networking tools but I am skeptical about that. Technical tools are perfect once the &#8216;cascading&#8217; effect is on its way, but how do we get there?</p>
<p>DD &amp; IM:  &#8220;Every tool is a weapon if you hold it right” said Ani di Franco. How can a network hold itself right or how a singularity from the multitude of a network should hold itself (her subjectivity) right? What forms of resistance can play a role today? How about art, tactical media or hacking? Are they still significant?</p>
<p>GL: Networks are test beds for non-commitment. They are vague terrains, social clouds if you like that rarely can be used to go from A to B. Try to instrumentalise them and they&#8217;ll fall apart, resist, ridicule your aims, and so on. However, if you want to collaborate on well-defined tasks, they can be useful. Still, there is and will be a lot of noise on the line. The revolution is something else altogether and will quickly overcome the current state of blurriness. We&#8217;re stuck in the neo-liberal desert and a bit of (art) activism here and there won&#8217;t help. This is the era of sublime stagnation in which the real decay remains invisible. The rot is deep inside. The response to the 2008 financial crisis is telling. People know it can&#8217;t go on like this, but still carry on. Networks prolong this state of indecision. To propose some Trotsky-style cells seems unpopular but probably the way to go. The vitalist optimism of Hardt &amp; Negri is useful here. I agree: there must be Common outside of the Market and the State. Exodus, Yes We Can! Yet, it seems almost impossible to remain unnoticed, and invisible. The debate has to stop here. Let&#8217;s switch to the offline mode. See you there!</p>
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		<title>Rapid Response (rr:) on List Culture and Web 2.0</title>
		<link>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/02/02/rapid-response-rr-on-list-culture-and-web-2-0/</link>
		<comments>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/02/02/rapid-response-rr-on-list-culture-and-web-2-0/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Feb 2010 15:51:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>geert</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/?p=400</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Email interview with Geert Lovink, by Rasa Smite (February 2, 2010)
Q1. What was your motivation to found Nettime mailinglist back in 1995?
The background story can be found in the nettime chapter of my book Dark Fiber. I don&#8217;t have much to add to the story that wrote back in 2001.
Q2. How you would define Nettime [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Email interview with Geert Lovink, by Rasa Smite (February 2, 2010)</p>
<p>Q1. What was your motivation to found Nettime mailinglist back in 1995?</p>
<p>The background story can be found in the nettime chapter of my book Dark Fiber. I don&#8217;t have much to add to the story that wrote back in 2001.</p>
<p>Q2. How you would define Nettime &#8211; is it &#8216;only&#8217; a mailinglist, or a &#8216;network&#8217;, or a &#8216;community&#8217;?</p>
<p>That changed over time. It was very much a movement in its early days. Then it became a scene and very briefly, around May 1997, even a group-like thing, but that didn&#8217;t last long and then it fell apart, step by step. I personally do not like the term community because of its religious connotation, it suggests unity and harmony, which, back then, wasn&#8217;t the aim. Slowly it turned into a loose collection of mailinglists. I doubt if nettime ever was a network in the way we use the term right now. It&#8217;s a loose connection of people that share a common history, that&#8217;s for sure. A lot happened in that 15 years.</p>
<p>Q3. Nettime is running different language speaking communities (and there mostly is mixed content), but refering to English-list &#8211; how important do you think it was for succesful network communication, to seperate &#8216;discussion-list&#8217; from &#8216;announcements-list&#8217;?</p>
<p>Fibreculture has done the same. iDC is keeping a strict &#8216;no announcement&#8217; policy. Nettime-nl is mixed, like Rohrpost, but I can&#8217;t say that&#8217;s much of a success. People do not like mixed lists and tend to respond less. Many have the feeling that if a list carries a lot of announcements the community is dead. That&#8217;s proven not to be the case but if people have that feeling then it may as well be true. This is all very subjective. For some announcement are very useful.</p>
<p>Q4. How Nettime has succeeded to keep dynamic of the list, to balance number of postings and number of subscribers, and to keep it active today, 15 years later since it was established?</p>
<p>I do not share this opinion. Nettime has been more or less dead for a long, long time. Just compare it to the neighboring iDC list, which has de facto taken over the role of nettime with pretty much the same people and topics. The problem is that the current moderators have refused to move on. This is what was agreed in 1998-2000: moderation would rotate in order to prevent happening what we see right now: the hijacking of a collective initiative by one or two people. The moderators have been in charge for a decade now and I don&#8217;t think they have been doing a good job. There is frustration visible on the list, which puts people down. They don&#8217;t want to be treated like that and sign off. Instead of organizing debates, involving new people and making bridges to real-world events and publications, The current moderators spend most of their time approving messages and clearing up the mess. That&#8217;s good work, and necessary, but not enough to keep a list interesting. The potential of Nettime was&#8211;and still is&#8211;obviously much higher.</p>
<p>Q5. What are most essential differences and what &#8211; similarities, if you would compere networks that emerged in 90ties (and that are based around mailinglists: e.g. Nettime, Syndicate, xchange, 7-11, etc.) with social networks of today that are situated in social software platforms of Web2.0 (twitter, facebook, around blogs, etc.)?</p>
<p>First of all, there isn&#8217;t much to compare. Where are the 2.0 equivalents? They rarely exist. What&#8217;s going on is a lot of invisible people-to-people exchanges. I am not suggesting there should be net art groups on Facebook&#8230; Maybe it is good that there is no xchange on Twitter&#8230; Social networking site are not ideal community tools, and do not constitute counter public spheres. They are good to expand your social horizon but not if you want to organize a field. They are good for promotion and (viral) campaigns, but they are less suitable as mediators between the real and the virtual. That&#8217;s what lists do best: they are bridges between events and the net.</p>
<p>Q6. What are the most crucial issues that the networks have to face in order to survive its various growing up and going down stages?</p>
<p>The ability to grow, transform, and move on. This would also imply the art of disappearance. The problem with a lot of the above mentioned initiatives is that they get stuck. The frequency of postings decreases, the dialogue has stopped long time ago, but the moderators do not have the courage to pull the plug. In an electronic environment like this it also doesn&#8217;t matter. Lists can be brain dead for years on end. A critical issue therefore would be: how to stop? We know how to initiate new projects, but no one advices us when it is time to leave the stage.</p>
<p>Q7. What do you think, makes networks sustainable?</p>
<p>Sustainability is no goal in itself. One could use this term in this way: how can an initiative maintain momentum, grow and either create common Events where they derive their energies from, or mutate into other organizational forms that make it possible to attract (and redistribute) money and other resources? Organised networks are only one of many possible forms in which this can be played out. Networks are embedded in the social, cultural and political lives of people. They often serve a purpose, despite all their indirect, implicit aims. Maintaining the highest stage of vagueness can be goal. But it shouldn&#8217;t be the default.</p>
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		<title>Web 2.0 interview with me by Victoria Lynn for Broadsheet</title>
		<link>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/01/31/web-2-0-interview-with-me-by-victoria-lynn-for-broadsheet/</link>
		<comments>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/01/31/web-2-0-interview-with-me-by-victoria-lynn-for-broadsheet/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2010 08:16:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>geert</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/?p=396</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In October the Australian curator Victoria Lynn came to Amsterdam to work on her PhD research. Her topic is the role of archives in visual arts and new media. We did a tour and visited the new Amsterdam municipal archive, the new facilities of the University of Amsterdam special collections and the International Institute of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In October the Australian curator <a href="http://www.victorialynn.com.au/">Victoria Lynn</a> came to Amsterdam to work on her PhD research. Her topic is the role of archives in visual arts and new media. We did a tour and visited the new Amsterdam municipal archive, the new facilities of the University of Amsterdam special collections and the International Institute of Social History. Amsterdam is a Walhalla for contemporary archives, in particular related to social movements and the arts. Besides the local King of the Archives, <a href="http://imaginarymuseum.org">Tjebbe van Tijen</a>, and a few others, she also interviewed me on some latest Web 2.0 developments such as realtime internet and the creation of national webs. <a href="http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/interview-with-geert-lovink-by-victoria-lynn/">This rather extensive interview</a> is published in the Adelaide-based Broadsheet magazine on the occasion of the 2010 Adelaide Festival, whose exhibition and <a href="http://www.adelaidefestival.com.au/servlet/Web?s=2290869&amp;action=changePage&amp;pageID=2061531808&amp;recordID=1941409820">Artists&#8217; Week</a> has been curated by Victoria Lynn. I will be one the speakers there.</p>
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		<title>verslag van avond over kunst &amp; engagement</title>
		<link>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/01/28/386/</link>
		<comments>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/01/28/386/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 Jan 2010 09:40:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>geert</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/?p=386</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Verslag van de discussieavond over kunst en engagement gehouden in het kader van tentoonstelling Niet Normaal in de Beurs van Berlage, Amsterdam, 27 januari 2010.
De openingstoespraak werd gehouden door directeur Fonds BKVB Lex ter Braak. Hij heeft argwaan. Ter Braak verwoordt het gangbare institutionele standpunt in Nederland. Kunst en engagement doet hem denken aan korrelige [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Verslag van de discussieavond over kunst en engagement gehouden in het kader van tentoonstelling <a href="http://www.nietnormaal.nl/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=58&amp;Itemid=57&amp;lang=nl">Niet Normaal</a> in de Beurs van Berlage, Amsterdam, 27 januari 2010.</p>
<p>De openingstoespraak werd gehouden door directeur Fonds BKVB Lex ter Braak. Hij heeft argwaan. Ter Braak verwoordt het gangbare institutionele standpunt in Nederland. Kunst en engagement doet hem denken aan korrelige foto&#8217;s uit het China van de jaren &#8216;70. Voor ter Braak is elk kunstwerk geengageerd en doet een uitspraak over de wereld. Het zegt altijd iets over de verhouding tussen de kunstenaar en de wereld. Elk kunstwerk kan betrokkenheid tonen, zelfs als het zich afwendt van de wereld. Ter Braak is wars van politieke invloed op de kunst en verdedigt de autonomie van de kunst (en zijn fonds). Hij is tegen inlijving. Het is spelen met vuur om te pleiten voor een directere band tussen kunst en politiek zoals de Amsterdamse wethouder Cultuur Carolien Gehrels dit onlangs gedaan heeft.</p>
<p>Volgens de voorzitster is het Nederlandse debat over kunst en engagement een permanente dialoog. Nederland is geobsedeerd met dit thema&#8211;maar dat is niet erg.</p>
<p>Gehrels opende met de stelling dat het haar vooral te doen is om de culturalisering van de politiek, om waarden zoals kwaliteit en pluriformiteit. Wat is het belang en de &#8216;culturele aansprakelijkheid&#8217; (zoals Hans van Houwelingen het noemde). Amsterdam moet een kunsthoofdstad blijven. Dit eerste debat ronde was tussen twee politici (uit PvdA/Amsterdam en VVD/Utrecht). Men was het er over eens dat kunst excellent en toegankelijk moet zijn. Dat maakt een stad aantrekkelijk. Het gaat om het instellingenbeleid dat gemeentes voeren, niet om individuele kunstenaars.</p>
<p>Door naar de tweede ronde. Volgens Soheila Najand (kunstenaar, directeur Interart) heeft de politiek in het tijdperk van de globalisering haar eigen context kwijtgeraakt. De poltiiek heeft gefaald en is teruggetreden. Er is geen andere keuze dan het populisme. De zekerheden van engagement, ideologie en religie zijn weggevallen. Gijs Frieling (kunstenaar, directeur W139) vindt iedereen slim en verstandig. Hij constateert een consensus en weet het verder ook niet. Waar zit het echte probleem, het pijnpunt? Geengageerde kunst kan heel slecht zijn. Middelmaat is geen kunst en zou dit label niet mogen krijgen. De ware kunst zegt ja tegen alles en maakt het kunstwerk, om het even of er vraag naar is.</p>
<p>In de derde ronde constateert Jonas Staal dat het ontkennen van ideologie, zoals Lex ter Braak dat doet, ideologie pur sang is. Wat Staal verlangt is kunst met een standpunt. Hij maakt geen absolute scheiding tussen het activist zijn en het kunstenaarsberoep.</p>
<p>Directeur van het Bredase grafisch design museum Mieke Gerritzen constateert het uitdijen van bureaucratie. Ze gaf als voorbeeld de niet-cultuur competente kenniswerkers van Kennisland die binnenkort als subsidie gatekeepers aka consultants gaan (mede)bepalen wie geld krijgen in het kader van een nieuwe culturele innovatieregeling. Kunst zou onafhankelijk moeten zijn van dit soort instrumentalistische regelingen die cultuur onderdanig maakt aan de &#8216;creatieve industrie&#8217;. Heel wat kunstenaars maken is geen kunst meer maar design, vormgeving, werken gemaakt in opdracht. Er zijn bijna geen kunstenaars meer die gewoon hun eigen ding doen.</p>
<p>Volgens <a href="//www.inegevers.net/index.html)">Ine Gevers</a>, curator van de Niet Normaal tentoonstelling, test kunst de (autonomie) van de kunst. Waar het om gaat is het vormgeven en aanbieden van een gift. Het is een riskant gebaar. De geste kan worden afgewezen, genegeerd, gesaboteerd.</p>
<p>Lector en universiteitsdocent Jeroen Boomgaard sluit in de vierde ronde af met een pleidooi voor persoonlijk engagement. Autonomie is een verworvenheid, geen plicht of politiek program maar een kwaliteit. Het is geen boodschap of bedoeling. Het nieuwe engagement is niet echt niet. Het was een reactie op de postmoderne introspectie. In die zin is het geen nieuwe stroming. Kunst dient onverwachts te zijn. Politici van vandaag de dag zien het als een vrije ruimte in het lege midden van de democratie.</p>
<p>Ine Gevers reageert: autonomie moet je bevechten. Het is geen gegeven. Het kan alleen door derden aan de kunst kan worden toegedicht.</p>
<p>Dit was het zoveelste debat over kunst en engagement. Gaat er met de spook van Geert Wilders en het rechts populisme ook echt iets veranderen in Nederland? Vanuit de zaal komt de oproep dat kunst en politiek moeten hun agenda&#8217;s naast elkaar moeten leggen. Wat opvalt is hoe snel en gemakkelijk het thema kunst &amp; engagement wordt gelijkgeschakeld aan overheidsbeleid. Engagement is propaganda maken en je als kunstenaar onderschikt maken aan de Partij en het Goede Doel. Het is vreemd om te zien hoe op zo&#8217;n avond, bezocht door louter Witte Medemenschen, er totaal geen sprake is van issues (zoals ecologie, urbanisatie, migratie, recessie). Engagement is blijkbaar een kapstok om het over het (locale) subsidiebeleid te hebben, niet over wat er in de wereld geschiedt.</p>
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		<title>state of the art criticism: subjective musings</title>
		<link>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/01/20/state-of-the-art-criticism-subjective-musings/</link>
		<comments>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/01/20/state-of-the-art-criticism-subjective-musings/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Jan 2010 12:52:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>geert</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/?p=382</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The impact of the digital revolution art criticism
Report of an afternoon debate in De Balie (Amsterdam), December 9, 2009 by Geert Lovink
I slow-blogged at the Day of Art Criticism the first session of a two-part event organized by the Dutch AICA chapter, the professional society of art critics. Our Institute of Network Cultures was one [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The impact of the digital revolution art criticism<br />
Report of an afternoon debate in De Balie (Amsterdam), December 9, 2009 by Geert Lovink</p>
<p>I slow-blogged at the Day of Art Criticism the first session of a two-part event organized by the <a href="http://www.aicanederland.org/?p=376">Dutch AICA chapter</a>, the professional society of art critics. Our Institute of Network Cultures was one of the many co-organizers (the evening part dealt with the decline of art criticism in Dutch newspapers). The introduction by Maria Hlavajova dealt with the impact of technologies on our private or professional lives, twenty years of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the invention of the World Wide Web. And the death of the art critic&#8230; just Google the term. In that sense we have to frame the &#8216;crisis of art criticism&#8217; as part of larger changes in society. The afternoon session was dedicated to &#8216;new media&#8217; as a possible solution, or actual problem, for art criticism to stage a come-back (see #dvdkk on Twitter).</p>
<p>Regine Debatty of <a href="http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/">We Make Money Not Art</a> began her presentation by saying that she was a  a blogger, not an art critic. This is interesting identity politics. Are art critics only those with an art history degree plus institutional affiliation? Only recently people started advising her to use this professional label. For Regine the blog is just a tool. Why do people associate blogs with terms such as impressionistic, subjective and populistic, Regina asked. Art Forum is. Art Review is. They have gossip sections. The art world is getting used to blogs. It is remarkable that people start to see blog writing as a style. It certain has a quality in itself, if you look at <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog">Jonathan Jones&#8217; Guardian blog</a>. Regine often gets the request:  &#8220;Can you write in the style of your blog?&#8221;. She then discussed blogs such as <a href="http://trendbeheer.com/">trendbeheer</a>, the changes at Rhizome and their <a href="http://rhizome.org/editorial/writers_initiative.php">Writers Initiative</a>, Artworld Salon and the rumors on <a href="http://www.artfagcity.com/">Artfag City</a> who all can be controversial. Fashion bloggers are now also respected and are no longer marginal. On Facebook, which Regine recently joined, she follows Artinfo. On her blog Regine is always nice, and only writes about what she likes. She does not practice negative criticism and being provocative. The blog does not really ask questions. There is lots of traffic, with few comments. &#8220;If it crap why talk about it?&#8221;</p>
<p><a href="http://esferapublica.org/nfblog/?p=931">Cordula Daus</a> of the  <a href="http://magazines.documenta.de/frontend/">Documenta 12 Magazines</a> team gave a presentation of the project. It brought together 95 magazines that have their own audiences, small academies, laboratories, located forms of knowledge. The aim was not to create a text machine. The project was working with, and through Documenta. In the centre was the collective editorial office, publishing a &#8216;magazine of magazines&#8217; out of 300 contributions consisting of indirect responses, as a parallel event. In July 2007 the `pixel and paper&#8217; event took place in Kassel. For magazines, the question of &#8216;new media&#8217; seems to be a pragmatic one: how to pay the bills. It is no longer a fundamental debate of paper against the internet.</p>
<p>According to Dutch media theorist Arjen Mulder who works for V2 in Rotterdam as an editor and book publisher, paper equals rigor. In a time when people no longer have to make a choice between paper and digital, the question becomes how to maintain (or achieve) quality. The surprising answer here is: through the artificial limitations of print. Paper is a natural filter. After a period of post-1989 confusion there is now a Return of the Grand Narrative: the Networks. In this open, ever-changing system, what is necessary is a &#8220;coherent set of connections.&#8221; The book helps us in this because it materializes order, a &#8216;bezield verband&#8217; as it is called in Dutch. Books create a larger order (and do not need ever-changing, expiring URLs).</p>
<p>The last presenter was the North-American art critic Jennifer Allen who has been based in Berlin since 1996. She works for a variety of magazines. In Germany Allen writes regularly for the magazines Zitty and Monopol as well as for the newspaper Die Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Ellen confirms that the current trend is one of less and less money for art critics. The According to Allen art criticism has turned ego-centric, celebrity driven reporting, now dominated by amateurs. It started with artforum.com and then turned to the magazine itself with its Seen and Heard rubric. Serious art criticism, published as a book, becomes harder because, for instance, the press no longer covers book lecture tours. Magazines have lost their audiences to online editions. Ellen: &#8220;Writing for the online world marks you for life and reduces your income to one third.&#8221; Another problem is increased speed. Recently the feature film Brüno was killed because of bad tweets during the opening night. After that people basically no longer showed up at the box office. Another issue is the lack of authority. Blogs and Twitter might be popular but they have not taken over the position that leading magazines once had. They do not take up an alternative position. Why not take on Christies, Artforum, the bienales and the curators? On the net there is often no response, concluded Ellen. Online reviews do not gather opinion. They do not take up renegade positions and do not change the (rotten) power structure of the contemporary arts world that is too elitist.</p>
<p>The debate illustrated a few trends. Art criticism has entered the informal networked media age. There is no way back. As a consequence, the personal style has taken over from the formal language of theory. People who still discuss how to relate art criticism and new media in some near future missed the boat. We&#8217;re already there. As Jennifer Ellen pointed out, art criticism, be it online or in print, is failing to convince society of the relevance of the arts. &#8220;We fail to communicate the excitement and passion we have for culture.&#8221; Young people know so much about running shoes and cell phones, she observed. &#8220;Why not look at art as we look at cell phones?&#8221;</p>
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		<title>Interview with me in the FAZ (in German)</title>
		<link>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/01/05/interview-with-me-in-the-faz-in-german/</link>
		<comments>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2010/01/05/interview-with-me-in-the-faz-in-german/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 Jan 2010 05:13:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>geert</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/?p=377</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Last Saturday, on January 2010, the German newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung published an interview with me by Thomas Poell. I had completely forgotten about it because it happened late August in Amsterdam when I just got back from the European summer holidays. In retrospect it reads like a summer story. I am optimistic about the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Last Saturday, on January 2010, the German newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung published an <a href="http://www.faz.net/s/Rub475F682E3FC24868A8A5276D4FB916D7/Doc~E79AF944A362840EFA2F82611380740ED~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html">interview</a> with me by Thomas Poell. I had completely forgotten about it because it happened late August in Amsterdam when I just got back from the European summer holidays. In retrospect it reads like a summer story. I am optimistic about the power of critical concepts and the internet in general, despite the rise in corporate control (Google) and the ever greater controle of nation states. Sorry for those who do not read German (yet). It&#8217;s my prefered theory language!</p>
<h2>Im Gespräch: Geert Lovink</h2>
<h1>Wem läuft die Netzavantgarde nach, Herr Lovink?</h1>
<div>
<p>Internetaktivist der frühen Stunde: Geert Lovink vor dem Hafen von Amsterdam</p></div>
<p><em>Seit ihrem Entstehen hat Geert Lovink die Utopien, die der Entwicklung des Internets den Weg weisen sollten, verfolgt und mitzugestalten versucht &#8211; als Aktivist, Organisator von Medienfestivals und schließlich als Wissenschaftler.</em></p>
<p><strong>Herr Lovink, Sie haben die These aufgestellt, dass die Vermassung des Internets zu einer Situation grundlegender Desorientierung geführt habe. Es gebe im Internet kein gemeinsames Ziel mehr, jeder gehe seiner eigenen Wege. Ein Jahrzehnt nach ihrem Auftauchen und ihrer rapiden Ausbreitung sei die Internetkultur zwischen widerstrebenden Kräften zerrissen. Wer darf sich heute zur Netzavantgarde berufen fühlen?</strong></p>
<p><em>Geert Lovink: </em>Ich würde gerne sehen, dass es so etwas wie eine Netzavantgarde überhaupt gibt. Anfang der Neunziger konnte man vielleicht von einer solchen Bewegung sprechen. Da gab es Leute, die verstanden hatten, was für einen überwältigenden Einfluss das Internet auf die Gesellschaft haben würde.</p>
<p><strong>Das dürfte heute keine besonders originelle Ansicht mehr sein.</strong></p>
<p>Ja, aber wenige der Ideen, die damals entstanden sind, haben sich wirklich durchgesetzt. Einer der zentralen Gedanken der damaligen Zeit war die Veränderbarkeit der Identität. Die Internetkultur ist jedoch in eine völlig andere Richtung gegangen. Es geht heute im Netz um eine völlig einfache und konservative Form der Selbstdarstellung. Es ist so, als ob man sich ständig irgendwo bewerben würde. Das war so nicht gedacht. Man wollte damit viel spielerischer und kreativer umgehen.</p>
<p><strong>Die Möglichkeit ist doch noch vorhanden.</strong></p>
<div>
<div><span>Zum Thema</span></div>
<div id="LinkListeContent">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.faz.net/s/Rub475F682E3FC24868A8A5276D4FB916D7/Doc%7EEC8D4E2BEA13A4804B4381E91FFC60400%7EATpl%7EEcommon%7EScontent.html">Digitale Intelligenz (2): Bürgerrechte in der Informationsgesellschaft</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.faz.net/s/Rub2F3F4B59BC1F4E6F8AD8A246962CEBCD/Doc%7EE56C3388EBF07499390DE2600B2ECFBE5%7EATpl%7EEcommon%7EScontent.html">Die nationale Bloggerkonferenz „re:publica“ hat nur sich selbst im Sinn</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.faz.net/s/Rub475F682E3FC24868A8A5276D4FB916D7/Doc%7EEBE94BD4FD1B140FB8FF717EC44D41973%7EATpl%7EEcommon%7EScontent.html">Internet in China 1: Blogger in China</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>Ja, aber sie wird nur von wenigen genutzt. Die sozialen Netze, die in den letzten Jahren aufgebaut worden sind, sehen in der Virtualität eine reine Kopie der realen Welt. Die Benutzer finden das prima. Das Netz ist eine Tragödie der Selbstrepräsentation.</p>
<p><strong>Es gibt doch zahllose Plattformen, auf denen virtuelle Identitäten gepflegt werden können.</strong></p>
<p>Ja, aber das Problem ist, dass die Anonymität dort überschätzt wird. Alles wird inzwischen überwacht, Suchmaschinen sammeln unzählige Daten, man weiß sehr viel über die Nutzer. Viele Scheinidentitäten fliegen daher sehr schnell auf. Der Traum, im Internet ein anderer sein zu können, ist damit passé. Die Identität der Benutzer ist fast völlig transparent geworden.</p>
<p><strong>Wie ist es zu dieser Entwicklung gekommen?</strong></p>
<p>Der wichtigste Faktor, der das freie Variieren der Identität verhindert hat, war der E-Commerce und seine „Trust“-Parole. Es ist eben aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht nicht vorteilhaft, nicht zu wissen, mit wem man seine Geschäfte treibt. Das hat auf die sozialen Netzwerke abgefärbt. In der Vergangenheit war das Internet ein öffentlicher Raum. Auf Plattformen wie Facebook kann es soziale Abweichung hingegen nicht mehr geben. Der zweite Grund ist der Einfluss der Nationalstaaten, der sich in den letzten Jahren ständig ausgeweitet hat und die Gefahr breitflächiger Überwachung bringt. Die Zäsur war hier der 11. September 2001. Inzwischen sind überall „National Webs“ im Aufbau.</p>
<p><strong>Aber das Internet macht es doch einfach, nationale Rechtsprechungen zu umgehen.</strong></p>
<p>Das stimmt. Aber man muss erst einmal in der Lage dazu sein und über die entsprechenden technischen Kenntnisse verfügen. Das Problem ist, dass nicht jeder ein Programmierer ist und die Technik in den Griff bekommt.</p>
<p><strong>Mithalten oder gegensteuern kann nur der, der in ständiger Fortbildung an der Spitze des informationstechnischen Fortschritts steht.</strong></p>
<p>So ist es. Tut man das nicht, wird man zum unmündigen Konsumenten; zum Opfer, das nicht über die Folgen seines Tuns Bescheid weiß. Die Computer werden immer einfacher zu benutzen sein. Das fördert die Illusion, souverän mit dem Medium umzugehen. Vor Jahren konnte man diese Illusion nicht haben. Jetzt kann man das Medium gedankenlos nutzen.</p>
<p><strong>Sie sagen, dass es im Internet eine große Zerstreuung gebe. Es gibt aber auch Schlagwörter wie Kampf gegen Überwachung und Zensur oder Open Access, die jederzeit Gruppenbildung ermöglichen. Es gibt doch Leute, die mit dem Internet mehr als Benutzerinteressen verbinden.</strong></p>
<p>Aber nur ansatzweise. Bemessen an der Größe, die das Phänomen inzwischen erreicht hat, ist das eine verschwindende Größe. Wir müssen bedenken, dass das Internet in den westlichen Staaten inzwischen von der Mehrzahl der Leute genutzt wird. Erst in den letzten Jahren haben wir diesen gewaltigen Sprung gemacht. Man muss sich erinnern, dass Habermas das Internet vor ein paar Jahren noch ein Zusatzmedium genannt hat. Da dachten noch viele, das geht vorbei.</p>
<p><strong>Was sind die Folgen der Vermassung?</strong></p>
<p>Es gibt Abschließungstendenzen und eine Krise in der Expertise.</p>
<p><strong>Mit dem Anwachsen der Nutzerzahl sinkt auch der Einfluss der frühen Wortführer. Es ist nicht mehr so einfach, sich an die Spitze der Netzentwicklung zu stellen und die Richtung bestimmen zu wollen. Wer kann in dieser Situation denn überhaupt noch die Deutungshoheit beanspruchen?</strong></p>
<p>Leute, die sich als Vorsprecher des Internets ausgeben, findet man fast nur im Informatikerbereich und in der Geek-Kultur. Dort hat man das Bedürfnis, Gurus aufzubauen. Die Benutzerkultur hat kein Interesse an solchen Vorbildfiguren oder Avantgarden.</p>
<p><strong>Es gibt in Deutschland Leute, die man durchaus als Netzavantgarde bezeichnet, etwa die digitale Boheme in Berlin.</strong></p>
<p>Das sind Nachzügler, die erst sehr spät auf den Zug aufgesprungen sind. Die waren in den Neunzigern, als sich das Netz formierte, nicht dabei. Man kann auch von einem Marketingphänomen sprechen.</p>
<p><strong>Die Netzavantgarde, wenn man sie trotzdem so nennen will, sammelt sich um politisch-soziale Leitbegriffe. Warum hat sich im Internet nie eine ästhetische Avantgarde etabliert?</strong></p>
<p>Die frühe Netzideologie trieben Technik- und Naturwissenschaftler voran, teilweise vermischt mit der Hippie-Kultur der siebziger und frühen achtziger Jahre. Es waren in der Hauptsache Akademiker und Programmentwickler, die das Internet aufgebaut haben. Die akademische Richtung hatte nie große ästhetische Vorstellungen. Es war Code, und es blieb Code bis Mitte der Neunziger. Erst als das Medium von der Unternehmenskultur schon übernommen worden war, kamen die technischen Möglichkeiten, es ästhetisch fortzuentwickeln. Eigentlich hätte dieser Prozess komplett umgekehrt verlaufen müssen. Erst die Avantgarde und dann die unternehmerische Umsetzung.</p>
<p><strong>Die Avantgarde läuft hinterher?</strong></p>
<p>Das Problem ist immer, dass die Techniker vorausgehen, dann kommen die Unternehmer und die Denker zuletzt. Warum stehen die am Ende einer Entwicklung, wenn achtzig Prozent der Leute das Internet schon benutzen?</p>
<p><strong>Welchen Einfluss hat die Neue-Medien-Kunst auf diesen Prozess?</strong></p>
<p>Die Netzkunst hat sich eine Zeitlang sehr wohl als Avantgarde verstanden, so in den Jahren von 1995 bis 1997. Das war eine interessante Zeit. Die Künstler haben jedoch keine Verbindung zum Dotcom-Markt und auch nicht zum Kunstmarkt aufbauen können. Für den Kunstmarkt waren ihre Arbeiten zu technisch, für Unternehmen wiederum zu spielerisch und zu wenig kommerziell. Die Neue-Medien-Kunst ist so in ein Vakuum geraten. Sie wird vom Kunstmarkt nicht anerkannt.</p>
<p><strong>Hans Magnus Enzensberger hat der Avantgarde einmal vorgeworfen, sie sei zu stark am Vorbild der Naturwissenschaften orientiert, von denen sie in Wirklichkeit wenig verstünde. Gilt das in besonderem Maß für die Netzkunst?</strong></p>
<p>Die Künstler lehnen sich sehr stark an den Naturwissenschaften an, ohne sie zu verstehen. Die Naturwissenschaftler sind dagegen überhaupt nicht an diesem Dialog interessiert. Es ist eine einseitige Liebe. Die Künstler stehen unter dem diffusen Druck, diesen Dialog führen zu müssen, und fühlen sich dabei ständig unterlegen. Das ist ein Problem, denn so kann ihre Kunst keinen kritischen Impuls entfalten, etwa naturwissenschaftliche Anschauungen hinterfragen. Aber der Künstler hat nicht die Chance, das zu tun. Die Machtverhältnisse sind viel zu ungleich. Er ist Außenseiter. Gleichzeitig ist er sehr stark von der Technik abhängig. Alle guten Netzkünstler müssen gute Programmierfähigkeiten haben. Die wenigsten haben sie tatsächlich. Darüber wird aber nicht diskutiert, weil es peinlich ist.</p>
<p><strong>Wie kommt es, dass viele Künstler ihre Kunstwerke auch nicht ins Netz stellen wollen?</strong></p>
<p>Vielleicht ist es das Problem einer Übergangszeit. Es gibt dort kaum Verdienstmöglichkeiten. Andererseits herrscht das Denken: Wenn du im Netz deine Reputation aufbaust, kannst du dein Geld anderswo verdienen.</p>
<p><strong>Aber wo und womit?</strong></p>
<p>Es gibt da keine durchdachten Modelle. Ich glaube nicht an dieses Reputationsmodell auf der Grundlage von Kostenfreiheit. Aber es ist die herrschende Idee.</p>
<p><strong>Die Konsequenz wäre, dass man einem permanenten Reputationskampf ausgesetzt wäre. Imagepflege wäre eine tagfüllende Tätigkeit.</strong></p>
<p>Und eine Überlebensfrage. Es gibt immer einige wenige, die für kurze Zeit an die Spitze geraten, aber nicht lange dort bleiben. Niemand übersieht die Auswirkung der Kostenloskultur. Wir müssen dieser Entwicklung entgegenwirken. Wir müssen Modelle fördern, die es einem Journalisten ermöglichen, über Monate hinweg an einem Thema zu arbeiten. Diese essentielle Arbeit darf nicht wegfallen. In dem neuen Modell ist dafür kein Platz. Der Journalist wird hier zum Datenverarbeiter. Was dazu führt, dass Nachrichten immer mehr von Bewusstseinsmanagern und PR-Agenturen hergestellt werden.</p>
<p><strong>Ist das der Grund für den digitalen Nihilismus, den Sie diagnostiziert haben?</strong></p>
<p>Ich verwende den Begriff nicht in der Semantik des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, also in dem Sinn, dass Gott tot ist und alle obersten Werte hinfällig geworden sind. Nihilismus heißt für mich der Umstand, dass Medien das Massenbewusstsein nicht mehr lenken können. Es heißt auch, dass die Leute nicht mehr an die Medien glauben. Sie wollen die Mediennutzung in die eigene Hand nehmen. Die Möglichkeiten zu reagieren werden immer größer.</p>
<p><strong>Das klingt ehrlich gesagt nicht sehr nihilistisch.</strong></p>
<p>Für mich ist die Medientheorie immer mit dem Gedanken einer Gegenöffentlichkeit, dem Kampf um die Netzarchitektur verbunden gewesen. Ich bin auf der Seite derer, die das Netz sozialpolitisch mitgestalten. Das ist nach wie vor ein offenes Feld, auch für Leute, die nicht technisch oder kommerziell sind. Man kann hier als Einzelner, als kleine Gruppe noch etwas verändern, trotz der Dominanz mächtiger Korporationen wie Microsoft und Google. Das mag naiv sein, aber daran glaube ich, und diese Erfahrung mache ich täglich.</p>
<p><strong>Worauf gründen Sie Ihren Optimismus?</strong></p>
<p>Das große Beispiel dafür ist die freie Software. Die Ideen der Freie-Software-Bewegung sind ausgewuchert in andere Bereiche, ins Musikgeschäft, in die Wissenschaft. Langsam ist das eine ganz breite kulturelle Bewegung. Sie hinterfragt grundlegend Machtstrukturen und ist nicht mehr marginal. Das hätte man vor fünf oder zehn Jahren noch sagen können.</p>
<p><strong>Was wäre Ihre Vorstellung einer positiven Entwicklung des Netzes?</strong></p>
<p>Eine solche positive Entwicklung wäre für mich die Fragmentierung der großen sozialen Netzwerke. Es sollen sich nicht mehr Hunderte von Millionen auf wenigen Websites bewegen, sondern auf vielen, Abertausenden. Das Social Networking soll von einer Fähigkeit zu einer Tätigkeit werden.</p>
<p>&#8212;-</p>
<div>
<p>-Geert Lovink wird 1959 in Amsterdam geboren. Er studiert Politikwissenschaft in Amsterdam und Melbourne.</p>
<p>-Seit Beginn der achtziger Jahre ist der ehemalige Ökoaktivist und Hausbesetzer in zahlreichen Festivals und Projekten im Bereich der Neuen Medien engagiert. Sein Interesse gilt den taktischen Medien, die darauf abzielen, über neue Technologien kurzfristig und unvorhergesehen Gegenöffentlichkeiten zu organisieren.</p>
<p>-2004 wird er Professor an der Hogeschool van Amsterdam, wo er ein eigenes Institut für kritische Netztheorie, das Institute for Network Cultures, gründet.</p>
<p>-Seine letzten Bücher „Dark Fiber“ (2002), „Uncanny Networks“ (2002), „My First Recession“ (2003) und „Zero Comments“ (2007) beschäftigen sich kritisch mit der Entwicklung der Netzkultur.</p></div>
<p>Das Gespräch führte Thomas Thiel.</p>
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		<title>Alexander Kluge on the importance of keeping internet open (in German)</title>
		<link>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2009/12/28/alexander-kluge-on-the-importance-of-keeping-internet-open-in-german/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Dec 2009 06:29:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>geert</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Below a fragment of a Skype (!) interview by the Berlin-based Freitag weekly with the German public intellectual, film maker and TV producer Alexander Kluge on the importance of the internet. I am sorry for those who do not (yet) read German. I&#8217;ll leave it untranslated as it as.
Freitag: Sie haben von der Intelligenz der [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Below a fragment of a <a href="http://www.freitag.de/kultur/0952-zukunft-netz-kluge-interview">Skype</a> (!) <a href="http://www.freitag.de/kultur/0952-zukunft-netz-kluge-interview">interview</a> by the Berlin-based <a href="http://www.freitag.de/">Freitag </a>weekly with the German public intellectual, film maker and TV producer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Kluge">Alexander Kluge</a> on the importance of the internet. I am sorry for those who do not (yet) read German. I&#8217;ll leave it untranslated as it as.</p>
<p><strong>Freitag: Sie haben von der Intelligenz der Libelle gesprochen. Für mich hat das Netz etwas unmittelbar Rauschhaftes. Wenn ich abends um zwölf mit den Leuten chatte, hat das etwas, was mit der Droge vergleichbar ist.</strong></p>
<p>Alexander Kluge: Aber es ist nicht so egozentrisch wie die Drogenerfahrung. Man muss sich den Ursprung der Netz-Technologie richtig vor Augen führen: Die Schweizer Feinmechanik und die Einsteinsche Physik bauen gemeinsam ihre Fragestellung im CERN auf – die Beschäftigung mit etwas so Kleinem wie den Quanten, dieses Kleine, das das Spiegelbild des Großen im Kosmos ist. Der Nachrichtenaustausch darüber ist so komplex, dass dafür das Internet erfunden wurde – zunächst als Binnenkommunikation zwischen Physikern – das macht dann zunächst noch einen Umweg über das Pentagon, aber dann eignet sich die Menschheit das an! Das ist doch eine großartige Geschichte! Es kommt aus der kleinen Zelle, aus der Neugier nach der Frage, was das Kleine und das Große miteinander verbindet. ­Daraus entsteht eine neue Öffentlichkeit.</p>
<p>Wenn man die Erde aus dem Orbit sieht, wie sie leuchtet, dann kann man schon einen Rausch empfinden, wenn man sich vorstellt, wieviele Menschen sich da unten Mühe geben, miteinander zu kommunizieren. Wenn ich mir das vorstelle, kann ich herrlich schlafen. In Paris schlafe ich zum Beispiel wie ein Bär, weil ich weiß, die anderen arbeiten und leben. In Berlin auch.</p>
<p><strong>Sie haben über das Fernsehen einmal gesagt, dass Sie das Fernsehen offenhalten für das, was außerhalb des Fernsehens Geltung hat. Gilt das auch für das Netz?</strong></p>
<p>Das ist nicht in gleichem Maße nötig. Das geschieht fast von selbst. Das Fernsehen ist ein sehr reduktives Medium. Der Programmdirektor ist subtraktiv tätig, er lebt von dem, was er aussortiert. Und das TV-Medium hat einen tiefen Minderwertigkeitskomplex. Rundfunk, das heißt Sendung an alle, wird mit einem permanenten Minderwertigkeitskomplex bezahlt. Das ist im Netz ganz anders. Dort sind selbstbewusste Leute und die denken additiv, multiplikativ, das platzt ja geradezu. Aber die Gefäße, die es außerhalb des Netzes gibt – die hereinzutragen, das ist etwas Wertvolles. Worin man etwas aufbewahren kann, etwas unterschieden halten kann, das muss man hereintragen. Auch die Metamorphosen von Ovid sind ein Netz. Die Leitfigur von <a href="http://www.dctp.tv">dctp.tv</a> und mir persönlich ist Arachne, die Spinne. Das war eine Tuchweberin in Byzanz, die auf ihre Stoffe Geschichten malte. Die ganze Weltgeschichte wob sie in die Gewänder hinein. Sie trat in den Wettstreit mit der Göttin Athene. Und weil die vernetzten Bilder der Athene nicht halb so gut wurden, verwandelte die enttäuschte Göttin Arachne von einer Spinnerin in eine Spinne. Sie ist die Schutzherrin des Netzes. Eine der schönsten Geschichten bei Ovid.</p>
<p><strong> Ist das Netz eine positive Erweiterung bürgerlicher Öffentlichkeit?</strong></p>
<p>Es ist eine revolutionäre Erweiterung. Es ist nicht nur die Durchsetzung der brechtschen und der enzensbergerschen Radiotheorie. Jeder ist hier Sender! Es ist eine Revolution. Man darf es sich nicht wieder wegnehmen lassen! Es muss offen bleiben. Der freie Zugang muss erhalten bleiben. Da soll man nicht sagen, dass es dann aber ein großes Durcheinander gebe. Der Ozean ist auch ein großes Durcheinander.</p>
<p><strong>Aber Sie haben selber einmal geschrieben, dass im großen Ozean der Artenreichtum gefährdet ist, weil sich der Stärkere durchsetzt und der Schwächere verdrängt wird. Während die Seen die Keimzellen der Vielfalt sind: Für Fische sind Seen Inseln, haben Sie geschrieben. Sie sind Philanthrop und Optimist. Das Netz kann auch zur Verflachung führen, zur Herrschaft des lautetesten Gedanken, der nicht der beste sein muss. Und es kann einen scheinbaren Freiraum bieten, der aber keine wirkliche Kontrolle von Herrschaft gewährleistet.</strong></p>
<p>Ich bin kein Optimist. Ich kenne nur viele Auswege. Aber einen anderen Weg, als den, dass wir uns verbinden gegen das, was wir ablehnen, kenne ich nicht. Wir müssen uns schon die Mühe machen, uns zu einer Koalition zu vereinen.</p>
<p>Der Turm von Babel, das ist eine Revolution, eine Schichtung von Unten nach Oben, da werden die Äcker gestapelt und Oben ist der Kaiser und der Papst. Nachdem der Turm zerfallen ist, entsteht 1.000 Jahre später im Inneren der Menschen ein neuer Turm, der homo novus von 1.600, ein Gallilei, ein Monteverdi, ein neuer, selbstbewusster Mensch, der sagt: Meine Bilanz, meinen Betrieb ordne ich verantwortlich, das ist mein Acker in der zweiten Natur, meine Lebensverhältnisse werde ich bewusst gestalten, auch meine Liebesverhältnisse. Es kommen die Liebesromane auf! Die Beziehungen werden nicht nur rational sondern auch emotional bestückt! Hier entstehen Gärten! Der bürgerliche Mensch. Der ist heute im Silicon Valley, sozusagen im Flachbau, nicht im Hochbau tägig. Ich halte sehr viel vom Gartenbau.</p>
<p>Der normale Ackerbau wird in Italien nach dem Mittelalter um den Gartenbau ergänzt. Mit Feingriff gebaute Gärten, handwerklich sozusagen, nicht mehr bäuerlich, das ist der Fortschritt.</p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
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		<title>internet and &#8220;solutions for problems that no longer exist&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2009/12/03/internet-and-solutions-for-problems-that-no-longer-exist/</link>
		<comments>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2009/12/03/internet-and-solutions-for-problems-that-no-longer-exist/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 2009 12:25:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>geert</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/?p=370</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2009-12-01-passig-de.html (in German)
The German conservative elitist literature magazine Merkur &#8220;wonders what the hell the Internet is good for.&#8221;
From argument 1 &#8212; &#8220;What the hell is it good for?&#8221; &#8212; to argument 9 &#8212; new technologies reduce our ability to think, write and read &#8212; German writer and journalist Kathrin Passig compiles cultural criticism&#8217;s most frequent [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2009-12-01-passig-de.html">http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2009-12-01-passig-de.html</a> (in German)</p>
<p>The German conservative elitist literature magazine Merkur &#8220;wonders what the hell the Internet is good for.&#8221;</p>
<p>From argument 1 &#8212; &#8220;What the hell is it good for?&#8221; &#8212; to argument 9 &#8212; new technologies reduce our ability to think, write and read &#8212; German writer and journalist Kathrin Passig compiles cultural criticism&#8217;s most frequent objections to new technologies, which in recent years have been resurrected in connection with the Internet.<br />
&#8220;It&#8217;s an amazing invention&#8221;, said US president Rutherford B. Hayes about the telephone in 1876, &#8220;but who would ever want to use one of them?&#8221; (argument 2), while British colonel Sir John Smyth strongly disapproved of the use of the musket in 1591: &#8220;The bow is a simple weapon, firearms are very complicated things that get out of order in many ways&#8221; (argument 6).</p>
<p>What is really remarkable, writes Passig, is how much critique of new inventions has to do with the critic&#8217;s age, and how little with the thing itself: &#8220;The same people that greeted the Internet in the 1990s, ten years later reject its continuing development with exactly the same arguments that they poured scorn upon back then. At the age of 25 or 30, it is easy to appreciate and to use technologies if they give one an advantage in terms of status or knowledge. If, a few years later, it is one&#8217;s own advantages that need to be defended against progress, then it&#8217;s more difficult.&#8221;</p>
<p>Passig&#8217;s remedy against the trap of recycling worn-out arguments: unlearn. &#8220;The adult human being simply knows too many solutions for problems that no longer exist.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>Latest on Web 2.0, Art and Activism (interview for A2, Prague)</title>
		<link>http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/2009/11/17/latest-on-web-2-0-art-and-activism-interview-for-a2-prague/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 18:44:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>geert</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/geert/?p=364</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Interview with Geert Lovink, Prague, late October 2009
By Magdalena Kobzova, for A2 Magazine
(I was in Prague to give a master class at the new media dept. of the FAMU film school, invited by Milos Vojtechovsky where the PhD worker and cultural theorist  Magda Kobzova made the following interview with me. /geert)
MK: Looking back at the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Interview with Geert Lovink, Prague, late October 2009</p>
<p>By Magdalena Kobzova, for A2 Magazine</p>
<p>(I was in Prague to give a master class at the new media dept. of the FAMU film school, invited by Milos Vojtechovsky where the PhD worker and cultural theorist  Magda Kobzova made the following interview with me. /geert)</p>
<p>MK: Looking back at the 1990s, when you developed the concept of tactical media, what possibilities of activism do you see today compared with that period? There seemed to have been a lot of euphoria regarding the tools the internet provides – small online communities, forums and mailing lists. Now these seem to have lost a lot of their power and inspiration.</p>
<p>GL: That&#8217;s true, the euphoria was there. Today it has moved to social networking websites and web 2.0. These are more tool-like in comparison to the internet of the 90s. They are used by way more people, with fewer clues about the social-technical conditions that give shape to these tools. In the 1990s there was more euphoria, but there was also more awareness about what the tools implied and what they could and could not do. These days the internet can no longer be separated or distinguished from society. The internet has become as messy as society, with all the problems attached to it, but also all the incredible potential it has to disturb, to create something beautiful, to disperse energies and organize them at the same time. The network is becoming the dominant social form of organzation and can be understood in a way as a follow-up of the political party, the church, the family – the stable social structures that we have known in the 19<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> century. But today we can no longer say if it is the internet or the society that is creating the network. It will take a little bit of time to fully understand that the media are just mirroring the potentialities that are in society itself.</p>
<p>MK: One could also argue that the big social networking sites are not designed for socially or politically engaged activities, but rather for self-presentation and PR purposes.</p>
<p>GL: Yes, but you could also say that this is just a social technique. And social techniques can easily move in other directions. That&#8217;s why I&#8217;m pretty optimistic about Facebook and so on. Who talks about Second Life these days? Can anyone remember Friendster or Napster? They vanished, and were forgotten. But the social techniques that people learned there, the skills and capacities didn&#8217;t go away. What stays with the users is this &#8217;slight awareness&#8217; of other people around them. This vague noise. That little bit of social noise. And it’s this sort of quality that will linger on once Facebook has become just another piece of data trash, sidelined by the ever predictable network culture desire for the next killer app.</p>
<p>MK: The noise seems to be rather a nuisance – there is so much noise, it is difficult to have an engaged or ecological attitude toward the use of these technologies.</p>
<p>GL: That&#8217;s true. Only the ones that are determined to address a social, political or even technical cause know what they are doing, and generally speaking they will succeed. For the others, they&#8217;re lost. And that is a problem. If you don&#8217;t know what the heck you&#8217;re doing out there, you&#8217;re drowned in the noise, in the same way you cannot decide which television channel to watch or which aisle to walk down in a library, not knowing which book to borrow. You browse and surf and this is becoming an unconcious activity. Being on the Web is the new form of our collective unconcious.</p>
<p>MK: What do you think are today’s possible places where critique and activism can happen? Where, or better, how can it be fostered? If it&#8217;s not institutions or social networks, then where else?</p>
<p>GL: There are certainly few exercises possible about how to become invisible. Invisible activities are still a good exercise – good luck with it, go ahead and try. Obviously there is the other approach, which a lot of young people choose. A kind of over-exposure, over-visibility. To be worse than the system. To be more social than social. More transparent than transparent. That seems to work quite well, in fact. But it&#8217;s not really an activist agenda. These are more cultural conditions we find ourselves in that we have to discuss because if we don&#8217;t, we might repeat them in what amounts to the reproduction of stupidity.</p>
<p>In terms of activism, I&#8217;m mostly interested in conflicts as they manifest across the culture of networks but also in the world at large. There&#8217;s a lot of conflict happening these days that is not labelled activism. We could say that conflict is on the rise and activism is on the retreat. You can see it very clearly throughout Asia, Africa and Latin America. Whereas social tension is on the rise, movements and NGOs are becoming more and more bureaucratized, and caught up in both the media work and lobbying enterprise. We can read the gender aspects that characterize these unorganized outbursts, and there’s also quite often ethnic and economic dimensions to such conflicts, but we cannot really understand them. Take China. It&#8217;s a place full of contradictions and rising class conflicts, where the types of political representations that we are familiar with are simply absent. At the same time it&#8217;s a place saturated with new media. That&#8217;s a new challenge if we want to think what &#8216;new media activism&#8217; means today.</p>
<p>MK: Activism as a luxury phenomenon of Western societies?</p>
<p>GL: Yes, and I believe there are other forms of political and social organization that go way beyond what we classify as &#8216;activism&#8217;. A more just and socially engaged world is a world with an incredible richness of social and institutional forms. But it is very hard, look at the internet – it sets the international standards under which a diversity of communication forms takes place. The infrastructure needs some form of global exchange. Many people talk about the so-called &#8216;balkanisation&#8217; of the internet, the fragmentation of tools and protocols and languages. All this fuss over a global medium of communication and exchange that will maybe no longer be with us in 10 or 20 years. Despite this pessimistic trend I believe there will be some form of global consensus and through that we&#8217;ll see more and more divisions arising. The world will be not more united but increasingly divided, even with the internet.</p>
<p>Nonetheless, it&#8217;s interesting to pretend that artists, activists and scholars can be players in this big game. We know that artists can make a difference, they can create images that are very compelling, and they can create concepts that can shape a society. Of course, they have less and less economic power to do so. Mediatisation and the virtualisation of life also means that their capacity to make interventions doesn&#8217;t necessarily decrease. How to define the symbolic in these circumstances? What is the symbolic and how can we intervene at that level? In the fifties it might have been some compelling French film that would shape the collective imagination through the disorienting camera and editing technique of a series of jump-cuts coupled with some kind of outrageous content. But what is it today? When the vast majority of the world lives elsewhere and starts to make politics elsewhere – that’s to say beyond the borders of Europe and media imaginaries of Hollywood – we have to seriously consider that we&#8217;re living in Museum Europe and this is our destiny and our fate. We could develop interesting concepts but we&#8217;re no longer the primary site, the theatre, of ‘global’ culture and change.</p>
<p>MK: What sort of activism is possible in the reified space of the museum?</p>
<p>GL: That question is not asked very often. Let&#8217;s look at theatre, because theatre people have thought about this for long time. Theatre is confined, limited and symbolic. It understands its limitations and maximises its potential to interfere in how people metaphorically deal with the world. Theatre obviously lost its central position as the site where social and moral contradictions and negotiations were played out. That might have been the case in the 18<sup>th</sup> or maybe 19<sup>th</sup> century. But in the 20<sup>th</sup> century the theatre was fully aware of its position in society, and I admire that. We could say the same about the position of the museum in the 21<sup>st</sup>But new media is not there yet. It&#8217;s neither a genre nor a discipline&#8211;at least, not yet. And why should it go that path? That&#8217;s the big debate at the moment. century. The fact that it has lost its central organizing role with regard to contemporary arts doesn&#8217;t mean it is insignificant. What does happen, though, is that we can only read the manifestations of &#8216;activism&#8217; inside the theatre and the museum if we are equipped with deep insight knowledge of the institutional politics of these places and have a sense of the history of the genres inside the specific disciplines.</p>
<p>(Edited by Ned Rossiter)</p>
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